Chemical and Physical Stability of Carbon Quantum Dots Synthesized from Mahonia aquifolium

Beyhan TAHTA; Ali Burak Sünbül; Serhan Uruş

doi:10.5281/zenodo.10374001

Authors

Beyhan TAHTA Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9767-5394
Ali Burak Sünbül Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6900-2424
Serhan Uruş Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4204-9860

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10374001

Keywords:

Carbon Quantum Dots, Photostability, Mahonia aquifolium, XRD, UV-Visible, Thermal Analysis, TEM

Abstract

Carbon quantum dots (CQDs); It is among the most popular carbon-based nanomaterials of recent years due to its low toxicity, eco-friendly nature as opposed to chemically derived carbon nanomaterials, high biocompatibility, easy water solubility, short synthesis time, low cost, and tunable fluorescence properties. In this study, quantum dots were synthesized by the hydrothermal method using Yellow Paint Bush (Mahonia aquifolium) and citric acid as carbon sources. The synthesized CQDs were characterized by using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), UV–Vis spectroscopy, X-Ray diffraction (XRD), thermal analysis (TG/DTA/DTG). Stability of carbon quantum dots (on the 1st, 5th, 10th, 15th, 20th and 30th days) in the refrigerator, at room conditions, in the dark, and moreover in the UV cabinet at 365 nm wavelength (between 0 and 30 minutes and 1-7 hours). ) and pH (pH=5-12) dependent emission properties were investigated.

References

Javed, N., & O'Carroll, D. M., Carbon dots and stability of their optical properties. Particle & Particle Systems Characterization, 38 (4), 2000271 (2021).

Cui, L., Ren, X., Wang, J., & Sun, M.. Synthesis of homogeneous carbon quantum dots by ultrafast dual-beam pulsed laser ablation for bioimaging. Materials Today Nano, 12, 100091,(2020).

Sawalha, S., Assali, M., Nasasrah, A., Salman, M., Nasasrah, M., Jitan, M., & Zyuod, A.. Optical properties and photoactivity of carbon nanodots synthesized from olive solid wastes at different carbonization temperatures. RSC advances, 12 (8), 4490-4500, (2022).

Liu, M., Xu, Y., Niu, F., Gooding, J. J., & Liu, J.. Carbon quantum dots directly generated from electrochemical oxidation of graphite electrodes in alkaline alcohols and the applications for specific ferric ion detection and cell imaging. Analyst, 141 (9), 2657-2664, (2016).

Eskalen, H., Uruş, S., Cömertpay, S., Kurt, A. H., & Özgan, Ş.. Microwave-assisted ultra-fast synthesis of carbon quantum dots from linter: Fluorescence cancer imaging and human cell growth inhibition properties. Industrial crops and products, 147, 112209, (2020).

Başkaya, S. K., Tahta, B., Uruş, S., Eskalen, H., Çeşme, M., & Özğan, Ş.. Multifunctional B, N, P, and S-doped fluorescent carbon quantum dot synthesis from pigeon manure: highly effective Hg (II) sensor and fluorescent ink properties. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, 1-15, (2022).

Zhao, S., Yue, G., Liu, X., Qin, S., Wang, B., Zhao, P., & Song, X.. Lignin-based carbon quantum dots with high fluorescence performance prepared by supercritical catalysis and solvothermal treatment for tumor-targeted labeling. Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials, 6 (2), 73, (2023).

Kostromin, S., Borodina, A., Podshivalov, A., Pankin, D., Zhigalina, O., & Bronnikov, S.. Characterization of carbon quantum dots obtained through citric acid pyrolysis. Fullerenes, Nanotubes and Carbon Nanostructures, 1-9, (2023).

Coklar, H., & Akbulut, M.. Anthocyanins and phenolic compounds of Mahonia aquifolium berries and their contributions to antioxidant activity. Journal of Functional Foods, 35, 166-174, (2017).

Thawabteh, A., Juma, S., Bader, M., Karaman, D., Scrano, L., Bufo, S. A., & Karaman, R.. The biological activity of natural alkaloids against herbivores, cancerous cells and pathogens. Toxins, 11 (11), 656 (2019).

Andreicuț, A. D., Fischer-Fodor, E., Pârvu, A. E., Ţigu, A. B., Cenariu, M., Pârvu, M., & Irimie, A.. Antitumoral and immunomodulatory effect of Mahonia aquifolium extracts. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 6439021, 1-13 (2019).

Damjanović, A., Kolundžija, B., Matić, I. Z., Krivokuća, A., Zdunić, G., Šavikin, K., ... & Stanojković, T. P.. Mahonia aquifolium extracts promote doxorubicin effects against lung adenocarcinoma cells in vitro. Molecules, 25 (22), 5233, (2020).

Volleková, A., Košt'álová, D., Kettmann, V., & Tóth, J.. Antifungal activity of Mahonia aquifolium extract and its major protoberberine alkaloids. Phytotherapy Research, 17(7), 834-837,(2003).

Ma, C. A., Yin, C., Fan, Y., Yang, X., & Zhou, X., Highly efficient synthesis of N-doped carbon dots with excellent stability through pyrolysis method. Journal of Materials Science, 54 (13), 9372-9384, (2019).

Wang, C., Xu, Z., Cheng, H., Lin, H., Humphrey, M. G., & Zhang, C., A hydrothermal route to water-stable luminescent carbon dots as nanosensors for pH and temperature. Carbon, 82, 87-95(2015).

Yan, F., Jiang, Y., Sun, X., Bai, Z., Zhang, Y., & Zhou, X., Surface modification and chemical functionalization of carbon dots: a review. Microchimica Acta, 185, 1-34, (2018).

Prathap, N., Balla, P., Shivakumar, M. S., Periyasami, G., Karuppiah, P., Ramasamy, K., & Venkatesan, S., Prosopis juliflora hydrothermal synthesis of high fluorescent carbon dots and its antibacterial and bioimaging applications. Scientific Reports, 13 (1), 1-11, (2023).

Korah, B. K., Murali, A., John, B. K., John, N., & Mathew, B., Carbon dots as a sustainable nanoplatform. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, 1-22, (2023).

Yang, H., Liu, Y., Guo, Z., Lei, B., Zhuang, J., Zhang, X., & Hu, C., Hydrophobic carbon dots with blue dispersed emission and red aggregation-induced emission. Nature Communications, 10 (1), 1789, (2019).

Elango, D., Packialakshmi, J. S., Manikandan, V., & Jayanthi, P., Sustainable synthesis of carbon quantum dots from shrimp shell and its emerging applications. Materials Letters, 312, 131667, (2022).

Jin, K., Ji, X., Zhang, J., Zhang, X., Nan, Q., & Zhang, J., Sustainable and highly-stable carbon dots from cellulose as a fluorescent reference for visual ratiometric pH detection. Materials Today Chemistry, 33, 101678, (2023).

Rackova, L., Oblozinsky, M., Kostalova, D., Kettmann, V., & Bezakova, L.. Free radical scavenging activity and lipoxygenase inhibition of Mahonia aquifolium extract and isoquinoline alkaloids. Journal of inflammation, 4 (1), 1-7, (2007).

Uruş, S., Microwave assisted catalytic oxidation of cyclohexene, cyclohexane, cyclooctane and styrene with metal complexes of bis (azo-imine) ligands supported on mesoporous silica. Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements, 197 (8), 799-809, (2022).

Qi, H., Huang, D., Jing, J., Ran, M., Jing, T., Zhao, M., & Benajiba, N., Transforming waste into value: pomelo-peel-based nitrogen-doped carbon dots for the highly selective detection of tetracycline. RSC advances, 12 (12), 7574-7583, (2022).

Chattopadhyay, S., Mehrotra, N., Jain, S., & Singh, H., Development of novel blue emissive carbon dots for sensitive detection of dual metal ions and their potential applications in bioimaging and chelation therapy. Microchemical Journal, 170, 106706, (2021).

Wang, C., Wang, Y., Xu, L., Shi, X., Li, X., Xu, X., & Lin, Q.. A galvanic replacement route to prepare strongly fluorescent and highly stable gold nanodots for cellular imaging. Small, 9 (3), 413-420, (2013).

Mathew, S., John, B. K., Mathew, J., Korah, B. K., & Mathew, B.. Green synthesized carbon dots as antibiotics sensor and fluorescent ink. Journal of Molecular Structure, 1294, 136422, (2023).